This refers to a specific type of crossword clue where the answer is a word or phrase related to leanness or lack of fat. A typical clue might be “Lean Jack” with the answer being “SPRAT.” This relies on the familiar nursery rhyme/folk song “Jack Sprat could eat no fat, his wife could eat no lean.” The clue uses “Jack” and the concept of no fat to evoke this association in the solver’s mind.
Such clues demonstrate how crossword puzzles can draw upon diverse cultural knowledge, from literature and music to history and everyday expressions. They require solvers to think laterally and make connections between seemingly disparate concepts. This type of clue can range in difficulty depending on the obscurity of the reference and the complexity of the wordplay involved. The “Jack Sprat” rhyme itself has historical roots, appearing in various forms over centuries, adding a layer of cultural significance to its use in crossword puzzles.
Understanding how these clues are constructed offers insight into the art of crossword creation and the strategies employed to challenge and entertain solvers. This analysis can extend to exploring the broader world of cryptic crosswords, wordplay, and the cognitive benefits of puzzle-solving.
1. Nursery Rhyme Allusion
The “jack who ate no fat crossword” clue relies heavily on a nursery rhyme allusion. This connection is fundamental to understanding how the clue operates and how solvers arrive at the solution. The allusion acts as a bridge between the surface level wording of the clue and the intended answer, requiring solvers to recall and apply knowledge external to the puzzle itself.
-
Source Material: “Jack Sprat”
The clue derives its meaning from the well-known nursery rhyme/folk song “Jack Sprat could eat no fat, his wife could eat no lean.” This rhyme establishes the characters and their specific dietary habits, forming the basis for the crossword clue.
-
Cultural Familiarity
The effectiveness of the clue depends on the solver’s familiarity with the nursery rhyme. Widespread cultural knowledge of “Jack Sprat” allows constructors to use shorthand references like “Jack” and “no fat,” confidently assuming solvers will recognize the allusion. This shared cultural context is essential for the clue to function.
-
Triggering Recognition
The clue’s wording is carefully chosen to trigger recognition of the source material. Mentioning “Jack” alongside a concept of leanness or aversion to fat immediately points towards the “Jack Sprat” rhyme. This trigger is crucial for directing the solver’s thought process toward the correct solution.
-
Wordplay and Misdirection
While the allusion provides a pathway to the answer, clues often incorporate wordplay or misdirection to increase complexity. For example, “Lean Jack’s dinner?” could lead to “SPRAT,” referring both to Jack Sprat’s lean diet and a small fish. This layered approach enriches the solving experience.
Therefore, the “jack who ate no fat crossword” clue exemplifies how nursery rhyme allusions can be effectively integrated into crossword puzzles. This technique provides a concise and evocative way to clue answers, relying on shared cultural knowledge and engaging solvers in a process of recognition and deduction. Analyzing this interplay between allusion and solution offers a deeper understanding of the intricacies and artistry of crossword construction.
2. Jack Sprat
The nursery rhyme “Jack Sprat could eat no fat, his wife could eat no lean” forms the bedrock of “jack who ate no fat crossword” clues. This connection represents a specific type of allusion commonly found in crosswords, where a brief reference evokes a larger body of cultural knowledge. “Jack Sprat” acts as a key, unlocking the solution “SPRAT” for solvers familiar with the rhyme. The rhymes inherent focus on contrasting dietary preferencesJack’s aversion to fat and his wife’s to leanprovides the necessary context. This seemingly simple association demonstrates the power of concise clues to trigger complex cognitive processes, requiring solvers to retrieve and apply external information within the constraints of the puzzle grid.
Consider the clue “Lean Jack’s aversion?” The word “lean” immediately suggests a connection to diet and body type. Coupled with “Jack,” it points directly to the character Jack Sprat and his well-known dislike of fat. The question mark indicates a definition-based clue, leading solvers to the answer “FAT.” Alternatively, “Jack’s slim pickings?” could lead to “SPRAT,” playing on both Jack Sprats lean physique and the small fish called a sprat. These examples illustrate how crossword constructors leverage the “Jack Sprat” rhyme to create clues that are both challenging and rewarding. This demonstrates the practical significance of understanding this connection for both crossword constructors and solvers.
In summary, the link between “Jack Sprat” and related crossword clues highlights the interplay between cultural knowledge and puzzle-solving. The effectiveness of these clues relies on a shared understanding of the rhyme, demonstrating how seemingly simple references can elicit complex cognitive associations. This understanding adds a layer of appreciation for the artistry of crossword construction and the intricate web of knowledge woven into these concise and engaging puzzles. The potential for layered wordplay, as demonstrated by the sprat as a fish example, adds further depth to the connection between clue and solution, showcasing the richness and complexity possible within this seemingly simple framework.
3. Dietary Restriction
Dietary restriction forms the core of “jack who ate no fat crossword” clues. Jack Sprat’s defining characteristic, his inability to consume fat, establishes the necessary context for these clues to function. This specific dietary limitation provides the crucial link between the clue and the solution, “SPRAT.” The restriction operates not merely as a descriptive detail but as the defining element that triggers recognition of the nursery rhyme allusion. Without this specific dietary constraint, the connection between “Jack” and “SPRAT” would be significantly weakened, if not entirely lost. This demonstrates how a seemingly simple dietary detail becomes a crucial component of the wordplay.
The “no fat” element allows for a range of clue variations. For instance, “Jack’s low-fat option?” or “What Jack avoids” both rely on the understanding of his dietary restriction to lead to “FAT.” Conversely, clues like “Lean Jack’s preference?” might lead solvers to “SPRAT,” referencing the lean meat often associated with the fish. This interplay between the dietary restriction and the solution highlights the importance of this detail in constructing effective and engaging crossword clues. Consider how a clue like “Jack’s dietary nemesis” clearly points to “FAT” due to this established aversion. These examples demonstrate the practical application of understanding this dietary restriction within the context of crossword puzzle solving.
In summary, dietary restriction in the “Jack Sprat” rhyme is not a trivial detail but the very foundation upon which related crossword clues are built. It serves as the linchpin connecting the surface level wording of the clue to the intended solution. Recognizing the significance of this dietary element allows for a deeper appreciation of the construction and solving of these clues, highlighting the intricate relationship between seemingly simple details and complex cognitive processes. This understanding is crucial for both crossword constructors seeking to create clever and challenging puzzles and solvers aiming to decipher them effectively.
4. Clue type
Character-based clues, like those referencing “jack who ate no fat,” represent a specific category within crossword puzzles. These clues rely on solvers’ familiarity with fictional or historical figures, drawing connections between the character’s attributes and the intended solution. The “Jack Sprat” example falls under this category, leveraging the readily identifiable character to guide solvers towards “SPRAT.” The effectiveness of this clue type hinges on the character’s prominence in cultural knowledge. Obscure characters would likely result in overly challenging or unfair clues, while well-known figures like Jack Sprat provide a readily accessible entry point. The clue’s wording then utilizes specific characteristics associated with the character, such as Jack Sprat’s dietary aversion to fat, to further refine the path to the solution. This method allows for concise yet evocative clues.
Consider the clue “Jack’s dietary nemesis.” The character “Jack” immediately brings Jack Sprat to mind, while “dietary nemesis” points directly to “FAT,” referencing his well-known aversion. Similarly, “Jack’s slim pickings?” evokes “SPRAT,” connecting the character to the small, lean fish. These examples demonstrate the practical application of character-based clues, using pre-existing knowledge to create a multi-layered puzzle-solving experience. A less effective character-based clue might reference a lesser-known figure, hindering solvers’ ability to make the necessary connections. Conversely, a clue like “Scrooge’s aversion?” effectively points towards “EXPENSE” due to the character’s well-established parsimony.
In summary, character-based clues represent a significant category within crossword construction, effectively leveraging cultural knowledge to guide solvers. The “jack who ate no fat” example exemplifies this approach, relying on the readily identifiable Jack Sprat and his specific dietary habits to create concise and evocative clues. Understanding this connection between character and solution offers valuable insight into the mechanics of crossword puzzles, highlighting the importance of shared cultural context in crafting and deciphering these intricate word games. The effectiveness of this clue type underscores the careful balance required between accessibility and challenge, ensuring a rewarding puzzle-solving experience.
5. Answer
“SPRAT” functions as the solution to crossword clues referencing “jack who ate no fat.” This connection stems directly from the nursery rhyme “Jack Sprat could eat no fat.” The rhyme establishes the character Jack Sprat and his specific dietary aversion, creating the necessary link to the word “SPRAT.” This association functions as a form of cultural shorthand, allowing crossword constructors to evoke a complex ideaa specific character with a particular dietary restrictionthrough a concise and recognizable clue. The effectiveness of “SPRAT” as the solution relies entirely on the solver’s familiarity with the rhyme. Without this pre-existing knowledge, the connection between the clue and the answer becomes obscure. For example, a clue like “Lean Jack’s dinner?” would be nearly impossible to solve without understanding the “Jack Sprat” rhyme and its connection to the word “SPRAT,” referencing both the character’s lean diet and the small fish.
The use of “SPRAT” as a solution illustrates how crossword puzzles leverage shared cultural knowledge. This reliance on external information adds a layer of complexity to the puzzle-solving process, requiring solvers to draw upon a wider range of knowledge beyond simple vocabulary or definitions. Furthermore, it demonstrates the importance of wordplay and allusion in crossword construction. The clue doesn’t explicitly state “Jack Sprat,” yet it relies on the solver’s ability to infer this connection through the mention of “Jack” and the concept of avoiding fat. Consider the clue “What Jack couldn’t stomach.” While not explicitly stating “fat,” the clue relies on the solver’s understanding of Jack Sprat’s dietary habits to arrive at the solution “FAT.” This illustrates the subtle yet effective use of allusion within crossword clues.
In summary, “SPRAT” serves as a key solution in crossword puzzles due to its direct connection to the well-known “Jack Sprat” rhyme. This connection highlights the importance of cultural knowledge, wordplay, and allusion in crossword construction and solving. The seemingly simple answer “SPRAT” represents a complex interplay between language, culture, and cognitive processing, demonstrating how crossword puzzles can be both entertaining and intellectually stimulating. The ability of a short, seemingly simple word to encapsulate a larger cultural narrative speaks to the efficiency and elegance of effective crossword clueing.
6. Wordplay
Wordplay forms a crucial component of “jack who ate no fat crossword” clues, elevating them beyond simple factual queries. The reliance on the “Jack Sprat” nursery rhyme establishes a foundation for clever manipulation of language. The clue’s effectiveness hinges on exploiting the familiar association between “Jack” and an aversion to fat, triggering recognition of the rhyme and leading solvers to “SPRAT.” However, straightforward referencing is rarely the sole tactic. Wordplay introduces an additional layer of complexity, requiring solvers to decipher the specific linguistic devices employed. For instance, a clue like “Jack’s slender fare?” uses “slender” to evoke the concept of leanness associated with both Jack Sprat and the small fish, a sprat. This wordplay reinforces the connection while introducing an element of ambiguity, making the solving process more engaging.
Consider the clue “Jack’s dietary downfall?” While “downfall” typically implies a negative consequence, within this context, it playfully refers to “FAT,” the very thing Jack Sprat avoids. This misdirection, a common element of wordplay, adds a layer of challenge. Alternatively, “Jack’s lean choice?” clearly points to “SPRAT,” directly referencing both the character’s dietary preference and the fish itself. These examples demonstrate how wordplay can manifest as double meanings, puns, or subtle misdirection, enriching the puzzle-solving experience. The ability to recognize and interpret these linguistic devices becomes essential for successfully navigating such clues.
In summary, wordplay elevates “jack who ate no fat crossword” clues from simple recall exercises to engaging mental puzzles. It adds depth and complexity, requiring solvers to analyze the clue’s language beyond its surface meaning. The successful interpretation of wordplay within these clues relies on understanding the underlying “Jack Sprat” allusion and the specific linguistic techniques employed. Recognizing the role of wordplay in these clues provides valuable insight into the artistry of crossword construction and enhances the solver’s ability to appreciate the intricacies of language within a constrained and playful context.
7. Cultural Knowledge
Cultural knowledge plays a pivotal role in “jack who ate no fat crossword” clues. These clues function effectively due to the widespread familiarity with the nursery rhyme “Jack Sprat could eat no fat.” This shared cultural understanding acts as a bridge between the surface level of the clue and the solution, “SPRAT.” Without this underlying cultural knowledge, the clue’s meaning becomes obscured, rendering the puzzle unsolvable for those unfamiliar with the rhyme. This reliance on shared cultural touchstones illustrates how crossword puzzles operate within a specific cultural context, rewarding those possessing the requisite background knowledge. For example, a clue like “Jack’s aversion?” assumes the solver recognizes Jack Sprat’s dietary habits, leading them to “FAT.” This connection would be lost on someone unfamiliar with the rhyme, highlighting the importance of cultural knowledge in deciphering such clues.
The “Jack Sprat” example underscores how cultural knowledge operates as a prerequisite for understanding specific types of crossword clues. This reliance extends beyond simple vocabulary recognition; it demands a deeper comprehension of cultural narratives and their associated figures. The clue’s effectiveness hinges on the solver’s ability to recall and apply this knowledge within the constraints of the puzzle grid. Furthermore, it demonstrates how cultural knowledge can enrich the puzzle-solving experience. Recognizing the allusion adds a layer of satisfaction beyond simply finding the correct answer. Consider a clue like “Jack’s meager meal?” which leads to “SPRAT,” referencing both the character’s sparse diet and the small fish. This multi-layered meaning would be lost without the cultural context provided by the rhyme.
In summary, cultural knowledge forms an integral component of “jack who ate no fat crossword” clues. The effectiveness of these clues relies on a shared understanding of the “Jack Sprat” nursery rhyme. This connection demonstrates how cultural knowledge acts as a key to unlocking meaning within crossword puzzles, highlighting the importance of shared cultural context in both constructing and solving these intricate word games. The ability of a simple clue to evoke a larger cultural narrative speaks to the power of shared cultural understanding and its role in enriching the puzzle-solving experience. This connection also underscores the potential for exclusion within crossword puzzles, as those lacking the requisite cultural knowledge may find themselves unable to access certain clues and solutions.
8. Cryptic clueing
Cryptic clueing techniques occasionally intersect with “jack who ate no fat crossword” puzzles, adding a layer of complexity beyond simple allusion. While not inherently cryptic, clues referencing Jack Sprat can incorporate cryptic elements, requiring solvers to decipher wordplay beyond the basic nursery rhyme connection. A standard clue like “Jack’s aversion?” relies solely on recognizing Jack Sprat’s dislike of fat to arrive at “FAT.” However, a cryptic approach might employ charades, anagrams, or homophones to obscure the solution further. For instance, “Jack’s trim repast (5)” could cryptically clue “SPRAT” using “trim” to suggest leanness and “repast” to indicate a meal, while also providing the answer length. This cryptic element necessitates a different problem-solving approach compared to a direct allusion.
The presence of cryptic elements within “Jack Sprat” clues transforms the solving experience. A straightforward allusion becomes a multi-faceted puzzle, requiring solvers to dissect the clue’s structure and identify the cryptic devices employed. For example, “Jack’s lean catch (5)” uses “lean” to connect to Jack Sprat while cryptically indicating a type of fish, “SPRAT,” through “catch.” This interplay between allusion and cryptic wordplay creates a richer, more challenging puzzle. However, overreliance on cryptic elements can alienate solvers unfamiliar with cryptic conventions. Balancing accessibility with complexity becomes crucial when incorporating cryptic techniques into these clues. A clue like “Disarranged part of Jack’s diet (3)” cryptically clues “FAT” using an anagram of “fat,” potentially increasing the difficulty significantly.
In summary, cryptic clueing techniques can enhance “jack who ate no fat crossword” puzzles by introducing an additional layer of wordplay and complexity. However, effective implementation requires careful consideration of the solver’s experience, balancing cryptic elements with the accessibility of the underlying allusion. Overly complex cryptic clues might obscure the connection to Jack Sprat entirely, defeating the purpose of using the familiar rhyme as a starting point. The successful integration of cryptic techniques provides a more challenging and rewarding puzzle, demonstrating the versatility of the “Jack Sprat” theme within crossword construction. This approach expands the possibilities of clue construction, allowing for a greater range of difficulty and a more nuanced exploration of the interplay between language, culture, and logic within the crossword format.
9. Tricky Misdirection
Tricky misdirection in “jack who ate no fat crossword” clues leverages the familiar “Jack Sprat” rhyme to create deceptive wordplay. Solvers often anticipate “SPRAT” as the solution, creating an opportunity for constructors to subvert expectations. This misdirection relies on manipulating the solver’s preconceived notions, leading them down the wrong path before revealing the true, often unexpected, solution. This technique adds a layer of complexity, transforming a simple allusion into a more challenging and rewarding puzzle.
-
Exploiting Expectations
Crossword solvers often develop pattern recognition. Seeing “Jack” and “fat” immediately triggers the “Jack Sprat” association. Misdirection exploits this anticipation, leading solvers to prematurely focus on “SPRAT” while overlooking other possibilities. This creates an initial sense of satisfaction that is quickly overturned, forcing a reassessment of the clue.
-
Focusing on the Dietary Element
Clues might emphasize the “no fat” aspect, reinforcing the expected “SPRAT” solution. For example, “Jack’s dietary restriction?” seemingly points to “FAT,” playing on the well-known aversion. This misdirection works because it stays within the thematic realm of the rhyme while subtly shifting the focus from the character to the dietary element itself.
-
Wordplay as a Deceptive Tool
Wordplay enhances misdirection. A clue like “Jack’s biggest fear?” might lead solvers to “FAT,” a seemingly logical answer given his aversion. However, the clue could also point to “PLENTY,” referencing a potential overabundance of food, thereby subverting expectations through a nuanced interpretation of the rhyme.
-
The Unexpected Solution
The effectiveness of misdirection lies in the unexpected solution. Clues might appear to reference “SPRAT” but actually point to related words like “LEAN,” “WIFE,” or even “PLATTER,” referencing the shared meal. This surprise element adds a layer of satisfaction when the true solution is finally revealed.
In “jack who ate no fat crossword” clues, misdirection transforms the familiar rhyme into a source of deceptive wordplay. This technique adds a significant layer of challenge and complexity, requiring solvers to look beyond the obvious and consider alternative interpretations. The successful execution of misdirection hinges on a delicate balanceleveraging the familiar association of “Jack Sprat” while simultaneously subverting expectations to create a truly engaging puzzle-solving experience. Understanding this interplay between expectation and deception provides valuable insight into the art of crossword construction and enhances the solver’s appreciation for the intricate web of meaning woven within these seemingly simple clues.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common queries regarding crossword clues related to the “Jack Sprat could eat no fat” nursery rhyme. Clarity regarding the interplay between the rhyme, clue construction, and solution is crucial for both solvers and constructors.
Question 1: Why is “SPRAT” the common solution to clues referencing Jack Sprat?
The nursery rhyme explicitly links the character Jack Sprat to the word “sprat.” This direct association makes “SPRAT” the most logical and readily recognizable solution for related crossword clues.
Question 2: How does cultural knowledge influence these clues?
These clues rely heavily on widespread familiarity with the “Jack Sprat” rhyme. Without this cultural knowledge, solvers might struggle to connect the clue’s wording to the intended solution.
Question 3: Are all “Jack Sprat” clues straightforward?
While some clues directly reference Jack Sprat’s aversion to fat, others incorporate wordplay, misdirection, or even cryptic elements, increasing complexity and requiring more nuanced interpretation.
Question 4: How does “no fat” contribute to clue construction?
Jack Sprat’s defining characteristic, his inability to eat fat, provides a crucial element for clue construction. This dietary restriction becomes a core component of the wordplay, often leading to solutions like “FAT” or “LEAN.”
Question 5: Can “Jack Sprat” clues mislead solvers?
Constructors often employ misdirection, leveraging the expected “SPRAT” solution to lead solvers down the wrong path. This technique increases the puzzle’s challenge and requires careful consideration of alternative interpretations.
Question 6: Beyond “SPRAT,” what other solutions are possible?
While “SPRAT” remains the most common solution, related words like “LEAN,” “WIFE,” or even “PLATTER,” referencing the shared meal between Jack and his wife, can also appear as solutions, particularly in clues utilizing misdirection.
Understanding the interplay between the “Jack Sprat” rhyme, clue construction, and potential solutions enhances both the creation and solving of these distinctive crossword puzzles. Careful consideration of the rhyme’s cultural significance, wordplay potential, and possibilities for misdirection leads to a richer and more engaging experience for all involved.
Further exploration of crossword clue types and construction techniques can deepen one’s appreciation of the intricacies of this popular pastime.
Tips for Solving and Constructing “Jack Sprat” Crossword Clues
This section offers practical guidance for both solvers and constructors encountering crossword clues related to the nursery rhyme “Jack Sprat could eat no fat.” These tips aim to enhance understanding of the underlying principles and techniques involved in crafting and deciphering these specific types of clues.
Tip 1: Recognize the Allusion: Immediately associating “Jack” and any mention of dietary leanness or fat aversion with the “Jack Sprat” rhyme is crucial for efficient solving. This recognition acts as the first step in deciphering the clue’s intended meaning.
Tip 2: Consider “SPRAT” but Remain Open: While “SPRAT” is the most common solution, avoid fixating on it prematurely. Clue construction often utilizes misdirection, leading to alternative solutions related to the rhyme, such as “LEAN,” “WIFE,” or even “FAT.”
Tip 3: Analyze the Wording for Wordplay: Examine the clue carefully for puns, double meanings, or other forms of wordplay. This analysis is crucial for uncovering hidden connections and navigating misdirection. For example, “Jack’s trim choice” might refer to “SPRAT,” connecting leanness to both the character and the small fish.
Tip 4: Think Beyond the Character: Clues might focus on secondary aspects of the rhyme, such as the dietary elements themselves. “Jack’s dietary nemesis” clearly points to “FAT” due to his well-known aversion. This shift in focus requires solvers to consider elements beyond the character of Jack Sprat himself.
Tip 5: Account for Cryptic Elements: Some clues incorporate cryptic techniques like anagrams, charades, or homophones. Recognizing these elements requires familiarity with cryptic conventions and a willingness to dissect the clue’s structure methodically. For example, “Jack’s spare tire (3)” cryptically clues “FAT” through an anagram of “fat.”
Tip 6: Consider the Clue’s Context: The surrounding entries and overall theme of the crossword puzzle can provide valuable context for interpreting ambiguous clues. These external factors might offer hints or confirm suspicions, aiding in the successful identification of the solution.
Tip 7: (For Constructors): Balance Allusion and Complexity: When constructing clues, maintain a balance between the accessibility of the “Jack Sprat” allusion and the desired level of complexity. Overly obscure wordplay or cryptic techniques might alienate solvers.
Tip 8: (For Constructors): Explore Different Angles: Move beyond simply referencing Jack Sprat’s dislike of fat. Explore other aspects of the rhyme, such as his wife’s preferences or the concept of a shared meal, to create more nuanced and less predictable clues.
By applying these tips, both solvers and constructors can enhance their understanding and enjoyment of crossword clues related to the “Jack Sprat” nursery rhyme. These guidelines promote a more strategic approach to solving, emphasizing the importance of careful analysis, cultural knowledge, and an appreciation for the nuances of language. For constructors, these tips encourage creative exploration of the rhyme’s potential, leading to more engaging and challenging puzzles.
These insights into the specific nuances of “Jack Sprat” clues provide a foundation for a more comprehensive understanding of crossword puzzle construction and solving techniques. This specialized knowledge allows for a greater appreciation of the intricate interplay between language, culture, and logic inherent in this popular pastime.
Conclusion
Analysis of “jack who ate no fat crossword” clues reveals a complex interplay between cultural knowledge, wordplay, and misdirection. These clues rely on widespread familiarity with the “Jack Sprat” nursery rhyme, using the character’s dietary aversion to fat as a foundation for constructing concise yet evocative clues. “SPRAT” frequently serves as the solution, but the potential for wordplay and misdirection allows for a range of possibilities, challenging solvers to look beyond the obvious. Cryptic elements can further enhance complexity, requiring solvers to decipher hidden meanings and linguistic devices. The effectiveness of these clues hinges on a delicate balance between accessibility, derived from the familiar rhyme, and the desired level of challenge, introduced through wordplay and misdirection.
The continued prevalence of “Jack Sprat” clues within crosswords highlights the enduring power of cultural touchstones in puzzle construction. An understanding of the rhyme’s significance, combined with an appreciation for the nuances of wordplay and misdirection, allows for a deeper engagement with this specific type of clue. Further exploration of the interplay between language, culture, and logic within crossword puzzles offers a richer understanding of this popular pastime and its potential for both entertainment and intellectual stimulation. The “Jack Sprat” example serves as a microcosm of the broader world of crossword construction, illustrating how seemingly simple clues can conceal layers of complexity, rewarding solvers with a satisfying sense of accomplishment upon successful decipherment.
